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__future__
Future statement definitions
__main__
The environment where top-level code is run. Covers command-line
interfaces, import-time behavior, and ``__name__ == '__main__'``.
_thread
Low-level threading API.
abc
Abstract base classes according to :pep:`3119`.
aifc已移除:
Read and write audio files in AIFF or AIFC format.
argparse
Command-line option and argument parsing library.
array
Space efficient arrays of uniformly typed numeric values.
ast
Abstract Syntax Tree classes and manipulation.
asynchat已移除:
Support for asynchronous command/response protocols.
asyncio
Asynchronous I/O.
asyncore已移除:
A base class for developing asynchronous socket handling
services.
atexit
Register and execute cleanup functions.
audioop已移除:
Manipulate raw audio data.
base64
RFC 4648: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings;
Base85 and Ascii85
bdb
Debugger framework.
binascii
Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary
representations.
bisect
Array bisection algorithms for binary searching.
builtins
The module that provides the built-in namespace.
bz2
Interfaces for bzip2 compression and decompression.
calendar
Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation
of the Unix cal program.
cgi已移除:
Helpers for running Python scripts via the Common Gateway Interface.
cgitb已移除:
Configurable traceback handler for CGI scripts.
chunk已移除:
Module to read IFF chunks.
clinic
cmath
Mathematical functions for complex numbers.
cmd
Build line-oriented command interpreters.
code
Facilities to implement read-eval-print loops.
codecs
Encode and decode data and streams.
codeop
Compile (possibly incomplete) Python code.
collections
Container datatypes
collections.abc
Abstract base classes for containers
colorsys
Conversion functions between RGB and other color systems.
compileall
Tools for byte-compiling all Python source files in a directory tree.
concurrent
concurrent.futures
Execute computations concurrently using threads or processes.
configparser
Configuration file parser.
contextlib
Utilities for with-statement contexts.
contextvars
Context Variables
copy
Shallow and deep copy operations.
copyreg
Register pickle support functions.
cProfile
crypt (Unix)已移除:
The crypt() function used to check Unix passwords.
csv
Write and read tabular data to and from delimited files.
ctypes
A foreign function library for Python.
curses (Unix)
An interface to the curses library, providing portable
terminal handling.
curses.ascii
Constants and set-membership functions for ASCII characters.
curses.panel
A panel stack extension that adds depth to curses windows.
curses.textpad
Emacs-like input editing in a curses window.
dataclasses
Generate special methods on user-defined classes.
datetime
Basic date and time types.
dbm
Interfaces to various Unix "database" formats.
dbm.dumb
Portable implementation of the simple DBM interface.
dbm.gnu (Unix)
GNU's reinterpretation of dbm.
dbm.ndbm (Unix)
The standard "database" interface, based on ndbm.
decimal
Implementation of the General Decimal Arithmetic Specification.
difflib
Helpers for computing differences between objects.
dis
Disassembler for Python bytecode.
distutils
Support for building and installing Python modules into an
existing Python installation.
distutils.archive_util
Utility functions for creating archive files (tarballs, zip files, ...)
distutils.bcppcompiler
distutils.ccompiler
Abstract CCompiler class
distutils.cmd
Provides the abstract base class :class:`~distutils.cmd.Command`. This class
is subclassed by the modules in the distutils.command subpackage.
distutils.command
Contains one module for each standard Distutils command.
distutils.command.bdist
Build a binary installer for a package
distutils.command.bdist_dumb
Build a "dumb" installer - a simple archive of files
distutils.command.bdist_packager
Abstract base class for packagers
distutils.command.bdist_rpm
Build a binary distribution as a Redhat RPM and SRPM
distutils.command.build
Build all files of a package
distutils.command.build_clib
Build any C libraries in a package
distutils.command.build_ext
Build any extensions in a package
distutils.command.build_py
Build the .py/.pyc files of a package
distutils.command.build_scripts
Build the scripts of a package
distutils.command.check
Check the meta-data of a package
distutils.command.clean
Clean a package build area
distutils.command.config
Perform package configuration
distutils.command.install
Install a package
distutils.command.install_data
Install data files from a package
distutils.command.install_headers
Install C/C++ header files from a package
distutils.command.install_lib
Install library files from a package
distutils.command.install_scripts
Install script files from a package
distutils.command.register
Register a module with the Python Package Index
distutils.command.sdist
Build a source distribution
distutils.core
The core Distutils functionality
distutils.cygwinccompiler
distutils.debug
Provides the debug flag for distutils
distutils.dep_util
Utility functions for simple dependency checking
distutils.dir_util
Utility functions for operating on directories and directory trees
distutils.dist
Provides the Distribution class, which represents the module distribution being
built/installed/distributed
distutils.errors
Provides standard distutils exceptions
distutils.extension
Provides the Extension class, used to describe C/C++ extension modules in setup
scripts
distutils.fancy_getopt
Additional getopt functionality
distutils.file_util
Utility functions for operating on single files
distutils.filelist
The FileList class, used for poking about the file system and
building lists of files.
distutils.log
A simple logging mechanism, :pep:`282`-style
distutils.msvccompiler
Microsoft Compiler
distutils.spawn
Provides the spawn() function
distutils.sysconfig
Low-level access to configuration information of the Python interpreter.
distutils.text_file
Provides the TextFile class, a simple interface to text files
distutils.unixccompiler
UNIX C Compiler
distutils.util
Miscellaneous other utility functions
distutils.version
Implements classes that represent module version numbers.
doctest
Test pieces of code within docstrings.
email
Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating
email messages.
email.charset
Character Sets
email.contentmanager
Storing and Retrieving Content from MIME Parts
email.encoders
Encoders for email message payloads.
email.errors
The exception classes used by the email package.
email.generator
Generate flat text email messages from a message structure.
email.header
Representing non-ASCII headers
email.headerregistry
Automatic Parsing of headers based on the field name
email.iterators
Iterate over a message object tree.
email.message
The base class representing email messages.
email.mime
Build MIME messages.
email.parser
Parse flat text email messages to produce a message object structure.
email.policy
Controlling the parsing and generating of messages
email.utils
Miscellaneous email package utilities.
encodings
encodings.idna
Internationalized Domain Names implementation
encodings.mbcs
Windows ANSI codepage
encodings.utf_8_sig
UTF-8 codec with BOM signature
ensurepip
Bootstrapping the "pip" installer into an existing Python
installation or virtual environment.
enum
Implementation of an enumeration class.
errno
Standard errno system symbols.
faulthandler
Dump the Python traceback.
fcntl (Unix)
The fcntl() and ioctl() system calls.
filecmp
Compare files efficiently.
fileinput
Loop over standard input or a list of files.
fnmatch
Unix shell style filename pattern matching.
fractions
Rational numbers.
ftplib
FTP protocol client (requires sockets).
functools
Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects.
gc
Interface to the cycle-detecting garbage collector.
getopt
Portable parser for command line options; support both short and
long option names.
getpass
Portable reading of passwords and retrieval of the userid.
gettext
Multilingual internationalization services.
glob
Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion.
graphlib
Functionality to operate with graph-like structures
grp (Unix)
The group database (getgrnam() and friends).
gzip
Interfaces for gzip compression and decompression using file objects.
hashlib
Secure hash and message digest algorithms.
heapq
Heap queue algorithm (a.k.a. priority queue).
hmac
Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication (HMAC) implementation
html
Helpers for manipulating HTML.
html.entities
Definitions of HTML general entities.
html.parser
A simple parser that can handle HTML and XHTML.
http
HTTP status codes and messages
http.client
HTTP and HTTPS protocol client (requires sockets).
http.cookiejar
Classes for automatic handling of HTTP cookies.
http.cookies
Support for HTTP state management (cookies).
http.server
HTTP server and request handlers.
idlelib
Implementation package for the IDLE shell/editor.
imaplib
IMAP4 protocol client (requires sockets).
imghdr已移除:
Determine the type of image contained in a file or byte stream.
imp已移除:
Access the implementation of the import statement.
importlib
The implementation of the import machinery.
importlib.abc
Abstract base classes related to import
importlib.machinery
Importers and path hooks
importlib.metadata
Accessing package metadata
importlib.resources
Package resource reading, opening, and access
importlib.resources.abc
Abstract base classes for resources
importlib.util
Utility code for importers
inspect
Extract information and source code from live objects.
io
Core tools for working with streams.
ipaddress
IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library.
itertools
Functions creating iterators for efficient looping.
json
Encode and decode the JSON format.
json.tool
A command line to validate and pretty-print JSON.
keyword
Test whether a string is a keyword in Python.
lib2to3
The 2to3 library
linecache
Provides random access to individual lines from text files.
locale
Internationalization services.
logging
Flexible event logging system for applications.
logging.config
Configuration of the logging module.
logging.handlers
Handlers for the logging module.
lzma
A Python wrapper for the liblzma compression library.
mailbox
Manipulate mailboxes in various formats
mailcap已移除:
Mailcap file handling.
marshal
Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back (with different
constraints).
math
Mathematical functions (sin() etc.).
mimetypes
Mapping of filename extensions to MIME types.
mmap
Interface to memory-mapped files for Unix and Windows.
modulefinder
Find modules used by a script.
msilib (Windows)已移除:
Creation of Microsoft Installer files, and CAB files.
msvcrt (Windows)
Miscellaneous useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime.
multiprocessing
Process-based parallelism.
multiprocessing.connection
API for dealing with sockets.
multiprocessing.dummy
Dumb wrapper around threading.
multiprocessing.managers
Share data between process with shared objects.
multiprocessing.pool
Create pools of processes.
multiprocessing.shared_memory
Provides shared memory for direct access across processes.
multiprocessing.sharedctypes
Allocate ctypes objects from shared memory.
netrc
Loading of .netrc files.
nis (Unix)已移除:
Interface to Sun's NIS (Yellow Pages) library.
nntplib已移除:
NNTP protocol client (requires sockets).
numbers
Numeric abstract base classes (Complex, Real, Integral, etc.).
operator
Functions corresponding to the standard operators.
optparse已移除:
Command-line option parsing library.
os
Miscellaneous operating system interfaces.
os.path
Operations on pathnames.
ossaudiodev (Linux, FreeBSD)已移除:
Access to OSS-compatible audio devices.
pathlib
Object-oriented filesystem paths
pdb
The Python debugger for interactive interpreters.
pickle
Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back.
pickletools
Contains extensive comments about the pickle protocols and
pickle-machine opcodes, as well as some useful functions.
pipes (Unix)已移除:
A Python interface to Unix shell pipelines.
pkgutil
Utilities for the import system.
platform
Retrieves as much platform identifying data as possible.
plistlib
Generate and parse Apple plist files.
poplib
POP3 protocol client (requires sockets).
posix (Unix)
The most common POSIX system calls (normally used via module os).
pprint
Data pretty printer.
profile
Python source profiler.
pstats
Statistics object for use with the profiler.
pty (Unix)
Pseudo-Terminal Handling for Unix.
pwd (Unix)
The password database (getpwnam() and friends).
py_compile
Generate byte-code files from Python source files.
pyclbr
Supports information extraction for a Python module browser.
pydoc
Documentation generator and online help system.
queue
A synchronized queue class.
quopri
Encode and decode files using the MIME quoted-printable encoding.
random
Generate pseudo-random numbers with various common distributions.
re
Regular expression operations.
readline (Unix)
GNU readline support for Python.
reprlib
Alternate repr() implementation with size limits.
resource (Unix)
An interface to provide resource usage information on the current process.
rlcompleter
Python identifier completion, suitable for the GNU readline library.
runpy
Locate and run Python modules without importing them first.
sched
General purpose event scheduler.
secrets
Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets.
select
Wait for I/O completion on multiple streams.
selectors
High-level I/O multiplexing.
shelve
Python object persistence.
shlex
Simple lexical analysis for Unix shell-like languages.
shutil
High-level file operations, including copying.
signal
Set handlers for asynchronous events.
site
Module responsible for site-specific configuration.
smtpd已移除:
A SMTP server implementation in Python.
smtplib
SMTP protocol client (requires sockets).
sndhdr已移除:
Determine type of a sound file.
socket
Low-level networking interface.
socketserver
A framework for network servers.
spwd (Unix)已移除:
The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends).
sqlite3
A DB-API 2.0 implementation using SQLite 3.x.
ssl
TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects
stat
Utilities for interpreting the results of os.stat(),
os.lstat() and os.fstat().
statistics
Mathematical statistics functions
string
Common string operations.
stringprep
String preparation, as per RFC 3453
struct
Interpret bytes as packed binary data.
subprocess
Subprocess management.
sunau已移除:
Provide an interface to the Sun AU sound format.
symtable
Interface to the compiler's internal symbol tables.
sys
Access system-specific parameters and functions.
sysconfig
Python's configuration information
syslog (Unix)
An interface to the Unix syslog library routines.
tabnanny
Tool for detecting white space related problems in Python
source files in a directory tree.
tarfile
Read and write tar-format archive files.
telnetlib已移除:
Telnet client class.
tempfile
Generate temporary files and directories.
termios (Unix)
POSIX style tty control.
test
Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python.
test.support
Support for Python's regression test suite.
test.support.bytecode_helper
Support tools for testing correct bytecode generation.
test.support.import_helper
Support for import tests.
test.support.os_helper
Support for os tests.
test.support.script_helper
Support for Python's script execution tests.
test.support.socket_helper
Support for socket tests.
test.support.threading_helper
Support for threading tests.
test.support.warnings_helper
Support for warnings tests.
textwrap
Text wrapping and filling
threading
Thread-based parallelism.
time
Time access and conversions.
timeit
Measure the execution time of small code snippets.
tkinter
Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces
tkinter.colorchooser (Tk)
Color choosing dialog
tkinter.commondialog (Tk)
Tkinter base class for dialogs
tkinter.dnd (Tk)
Tkinter drag-and-drop interface
tkinter.filedialog (Tk)
Dialog classes for file selection
tkinter.font (Tk)
Tkinter font-wrapping class
tkinter.messagebox (Tk)
Various types of alert dialogs
tkinter.scrolledtext (Tk)
Text widget with a vertical scroll bar.
tkinter.simpledialog (Tk)
Simple dialog windows
tkinter.tix
Tk Extension Widgets for Tkinter
tkinter.ttk
Tk themed widget set
token
Constants representing terminal nodes of the parse tree.
tokenize
Lexical scanner for Python source code.
tomllib
Parse TOML files.
trace
Trace or track Python statement execution.
traceback
Print or retrieve a stack traceback.
tracemalloc
Trace memory allocations.
tty (Unix)
Utility functions that perform common terminal control operations.
turtle
An educational framework for simple graphics applications
turtledemo
A viewer for example turtle scripts
types
Names for built-in types.
typing
Support for type hints (see :pep:`484`).
unicodedata
Access the Unicode Database.
unittest
Unit testing framework for Python.
unittest.mock
Mock object library.
urllib
urllib.error
Exception classes raised by urllib.request.
urllib.parse
Parse URLs into or assemble them from components.
urllib.request
Extensible library for opening URLs.
urllib.response
Response classes used by urllib.
urllib.robotparser
Load a robots.txt file and answer questions about
fetchability of other URLs.
uu已移除:
Encode and decode files in uuencode format.
uuid
UUID objects (universally unique identifiers) according to RFC 4122
venv
Creation of virtual environments.
warnings
Issue warning messages and control their disposition.
wave
Provide an interface to the WAV sound format.
weakref
Support for weak references and weak dictionaries.
webbrowser
Easy-to-use controller for web browsers.
winreg (Windows)
Routines and objects for manipulating the Windows registry.
winsound (Windows)
Access to the sound-playing machinery for Windows.
wsgiref
WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation.
wsgiref.handlers
WSGI server/gateway base classes.
wsgiref.headers
WSGI response header tools.
wsgiref.simple_server
A simple WSGI HTTP server.
wsgiref.types
WSGI types for static type checking
wsgiref.util
WSGI environment utilities.
wsgiref.validate
WSGI conformance checker.
xdrlib已移除:
Encoders and decoders for the External Data Representation (XDR).
xml
Package containing XML processing modules
xml.dom
Document Object Model API for Python.
xml.dom.minidom
Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation.
xml.dom.pulldom
Support for building partial DOM trees from SAX events.
xml.etree.ElementTree
Implementation of the ElementTree API.
xml.parsers.expat
An interface to the Expat non-validating XML parser.
xml.parsers.expat.errors
xml.parsers.expat.model
xml.sax
Package containing SAX2 base classes and convenience functions.
xml.sax.handler
Base classes for SAX event handlers.
xml.sax.saxutils
Convenience functions and classes for use with SAX.
xml.sax.xmlreader
Interface which SAX-compliant XML parsers must implement.
xmlrpc
xmlrpc.client
XML-RPC client access.
xmlrpc.server
Basic XML-RPC server implementations.
zipapp
Manage executable Python zip archives
zipfile
Read and write ZIP-format archive files.
zipimport
Support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives.
zlib
Low-level interface to compression and decompression routines
compatible with gzip.
zoneinfo
IANA time zone support
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最后更新于 9月 02, 2023.
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